Department of Energy
SAVEnergy Audit

National Park Service
Xxxxxxxxx  National Historic Site
Xxxx Xxxxx x 
Xxxxx, Xxxxxx xxxxx

Prepared by:

BRACO Resource Services
155 NE 100th St., Suite 410
Seattle, Washington 98125
(206) 729-6034

Dorough Resources LLC
1001 W Toledo St.
Bellingham, WA 98226
(360) 671-9390

August 2001

Contract No.  XX-XXXX-XXXXXXXXX

Order No.  XX-XXXX-XXXXXXXXX

Agency Name:  National Park Service
Facility Name:  Xxxxxxxxx  National Historic Site (Xxxxxxxx NHS)

Buildings Audited:
Visitor’s Center Building
Maintenance Building
Comfort Facility (Picnic area restrooms) – voluntarily reviewed
Curatorial & Living History Support Facility – voluntarily reviewed
Water Pumping & Treatment Facility – voluntarily reviewed

Total square footage audited:  10,000

Audit Date: 4/25/01
SAVEnergy Audit Cost:  $X,XXX

Project Contacts:
	
XXXXXXXXXXX		XXXXXXXXX
DOE/FEMP		DOE/FEMP
Denver Regional Office		Denver Regional Office
1617 Cole Blvd	1617 Cole Blvd
Golden, CO 80401	Golden, CO 80401
Phone #: XXX-XXX-XXXX	Phone #: XXX-XXX-XXXX
Fax #:    XXX-XXX-XXXX	Fax #:   XXX-XXX-XXXX
E-mail: 	E-mail: 

Randy Rogers		R Scott Dorough
Project Manager		Auditor
BRACO Resource Services	         c/o:	Dorough Resources LLC
155 NE 100TH St., Suite 410	Personal 	1001 W Toledo St
Seattle, WA 98125	     office:	Bellingham, WA 98226-2122
Phone #:  (206) 729-6034		Phone #:  (360) 671-9390
Fax #:  XXX-XXX-XXXX		Fax #:  
E-Mail:		E-Mail: 

XXXXXXXXXXXX		XXXXXXXXXXX
Superintendent		Maintenance Manager
Xxxxxxxx NHS		Xxxxxxxx NHS
Xxxxxxxx		Xxxxxxxx
Xxxxx, XX XXXXX		Xxxxx, XX XXXXX
Phone #: XXX-XXX-XXXX		Phone #: XXX-XXX-XXXX
E-Mail: 		E-Mail: 

TABLE OF CONTENTS
Executive Summary
Cost & Savings Summary
Conservation Measures Considered But Not Recommended
Proposed Resource Consumption
Proposed Annual Energy Use – Both Facilities
Proposed Annual Energy Cost – Both Facilities
Emissions Reduction Summary
Introduction
General Facility Background
Current Conservation Measures
Utility Use Information
Electric
Natural Gas
Water/ Sewer
General Observations
Facility Description
Visitor Center
Maintenance Building
Water Conservation Measures
Renewable Energy
Conservation Measures
Energy End-Use Profiles—Combined Buildings
Conservation Measure 1, HVAC Control Commissioning
Conservation Measure 2, Lighting
Operations & Maintenance (O&M)
Funding Recommendations
Direct Appropriations
Energy Savings Performance Contracting (ESPC)
Super Energy Savings Performance Contract
Action Plan Recommendations
APPENDIX

Executive Summary
Xxxxxxxxx  National Historic Site is a living history park owned and operated by the National Park Service and located near Xxxxx, XX.  The Visitor’s Center building is the primary focus of this SAVEnergy Audit since it is open year-round and is the facility with the bulk of total site energy consumption.  The Maintenance building  was also reviewed for possible efficiency upgrades.  Three other small facilities received brief walkthroughs at the time of the audit and revealed limited opportunity for reduced energy use.  All other buildings at this site have negligible or no energy and/or water consumption that warranted analysis.  This is because they are maintained in the historical condition for their period of significance which precludes modern energy consuming loads.  Park personnel are very energy conscious in their daily operations and maintenance practices. The Visitors Center building is approximately 132 years old.  The interior of the building has been remodeled to accommodate visitor and administrative functions although the envelope (excepting the ceiling insulation) remains in its historical condition.  The facility has had significant mechanical upgrades in the last 20 months.  Electricity and natural gas are the two fuels used here and at the Maintenance facility.  Energy use and costs are indexed as follows:
Visitor Center	125.50 MBtu/ksf/yr	$1.16/sf/yr
Maintenance Building	  37.35 MBtu/ksf/yr	$0.33/sf/yr
This audit covered three areas of use:  Energy Efficiency, Renewable Energy, and Water Conservation.  Two conservation measures reviewed had less than a 10 year simple payback.  These measures affect lighting energy efficiency and HVAC control.  With these measures in place, the energy usage and cost indexes can be projected as follows:
Visitor Center	  91.92 MBtu/ksf/yr	$0.73/sf/yr
Maintenance Building	  36.37 MBtu/ksf/yr	$0.28/sf/yr
Conservation Measures: 
•	HVAC Control
The new HVAC system at the Visitor Center should be fully commissioned.  Presently, comfort is being maintained at an energy premium.  Control parameters for chilled water temperature, chilled water pump run-time, compressor staging, air handler run time, space temperature set points, outside air volume and day/night operation are not optimized for efficiency.  Some of the control settings are unknown due to lack of access.  Dramatic increases in electrical energy bills coincide with the timing of the HVAC system improvements.  Commissioning will optimize its efficiency while maintaining the necessary comfort requirements.
•	Lighting:
Retrofit existing fluorescent fixtures from T12 lamps with Magnetic ballasts to T8 lamps with electronic ballasts.  This requires that the lamps and ballasts be replaced while reusing the existing fixture.  Incandescent lamps can be replaced with screw in compact fluorescents.  

Cost & Savings Summary

Description	Savings
$/yr	Electric Saved
kWh/yr	Demand
Saved
KW/mo	Gas  Saved 1000 CF/yr	Water Saved Gal/yr	Energy Saved
Million Btu/yr	Project Cost $	Simple 
Payback
Years	SIR	
1. HVAC Control	$2,197	52,000	75	0	na	177.48	10,200	4.6	2.56	
2. Lighting	$955	20,933	56.28	(7)	na	71.44	$5,871	6.2	1.79	
Totals	$3,152	72,933	131.28	(7)	na	248.92	$16,071	5.1		

Conservation Measures Considered But Not Recommended
Hot Water:
Installing 0.5 gpm restroom faucet aerators on appropriate lavatories was analyzed.  Two lavatories in the Visitor Center have spring operated hot and cold water valves and are thus already considered water conserving.  Two other public lavatories and one in the Maintenance Building have manual lever-type valves, no flow restriction, and are adaptable to aerators.  The two lavatories in the staff restrooms have faucets that are not adaptable to aerators and would be costly to replace for the little use they receive.  This measure has a long payback for the small amount of water being consumed at Xxxxxxxx.
Please refer to the Appendix for the more detailed analysis of this measure.
Variable Speed (Frequency) Drive for Chilled Water Pump Motor:
Installing a variable frequency drive (VFD) on the chilled water pump motor to vary the speed of the motor/pump and match the air conditioning (AC) load requirements was analyzed.  Energy is saved by optimizing the motor load and varying pump speed as AC demand conditions fluctuate as opposed to operating the pump motor at constant load.  Cost for this measure is prohibitive for the small motor load involved (5 hp).  The HVAC Control measure discussed in this report was determined to be more cost-effective with a much quicker payback.
Please refer to the Appendix for the more detailed analysis of this measure.
Proposed Resource Consumption
The following tables show resource use, savings, and percent saved after implementation of all the measures and operational adjustments meeting cost-effectiveness criteria.

Proposed Annual Energy Use – Both Facilities
Utility	Current Use or Demand	Use or Demand w/ all Recommended Measures	Use or Demand Savings	Percent Reduction	
Electric – energy	132,076 kWh / 450.8 MBtu	59,143 kWh /    201.9 MBtu	72,933 kWh / 248.9 MBtu	55 %	
Electric – demand	367 kW	236 kW	131 kW	36 %	
Nat Gas – energy	517.0 1000CF /    517.0 MBtu	524.0 1000CF /        524.0 MBtu	(7) 1000CF /         (7) MBtu	(1) %	
TOTAL Energy	967.8 MBtu	725.9 MBtu	241.9 MBtu	25 %	

Proposed Annual Energy Cost – Both Facilities
Utility	Current Cost	Cost w/ all Recommended Measures	Cost Savings	Percent Reduction	
Total Electric	$6,891	$3,712	$3,179	46 %	
Nat Gas	$2,000	$2,027	$  (27)	  (1) %	
TOTAL Cost	$8,891	$5,739	$3,152	35 %	

Emissions Reduction Summary

Each conservation measure has an additional benefit of reducing green house gases. Power plants have to burn fuel to produce electricity.  By reducing electrical consumption, the power plant reduces the amount of power it has to produce, thus saving fuel and reducing harmful gas emissions.  Below is presented the Emission Reductions resulting from the Conservation Measure meeting cost-effectiveness criteria
Conservation Measure 1, HVAC Control
------ Average Annual Emissions -------   Life-Cycle
type             Base Case    Alternative  Reduction       Reduction
---------------  ------------  -------------     ----------        ------------
CO2 (kg):  151,314.51   91,740.06    59,574.45     1,191,325.82
SO2 (kg):         144.17           87.41          56.76            1,135.08
NOx (kg):        512.16         310.51        201.64            4,032.29
Conservation Measure 2, Lighting
------ Average Annual Emissions -------   Life-Cycle
type             Base Case    Alternative  Reduction       Reduction
---------------  ------------  -------------     ----------        ------------
CO2 (kg): 151,314.51   127,332.36    23,982.15      479,577.37
SO2 (kg):        144.17          121.32           22.85		             456.94
NOx (kg):       512.16          430.98           81.17           1,623.23
Introduction
BRACO Resource Services, under contract with the Department of Energy, performed a “SAVEnergy” audit of the Xxxxxxxxx  National Historic Site.  The purpose of the Energy audit is three fold:
•	Identify efficient architectural, electrical and mechanical improvements and estimate the financial impact of each.
•	Encourage implementation of efficiency improvements by providing an action plan and alternative funding sources.
•	Facilitate ongoing project tracking by providing a data base of existing building conditions and operation and maintenance practices
The Energy Policy Act of 1992 (EPACT) and Executive Order 13123 require that all federal agencies reduce the energy consumed in federal buildings.  Specifically, the Executive Order requires that energy use be reduced 30 percent from 1985 to 2005 and 35% by 2010.  This report is designed to help the NPS facility reach this target.
Data used in this analysis was gathered through detailed on-site inspections.  The inspections included examinations of the building envelope; interior and exterior lighting; heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) equipment; and other energy and water using systems.  Additional sources of information included interviews with occupants and maintenance staff, a review of mechanical, electrical and architectural plans, and an evaluation of energy and water consumption records. 
Energy and water efficiency improvements considered in this study, generally referred to as conservation measures, were analyzed using generally accepted engineering calculations.  
General Facility Background
Xxxxxxxxx  National Historic Site is a living history park owned and operated by the National Park Service and located near Xxxxx, XX.  The Visitor’s Center building is the primary focus of this SAVEnergy Audit since it is open year-round and is the facility with the bulk of total site energy consumption.  The Maintenance building is also reviewed for possible efficiency upgrades.  Three other small facilities received brief walkthroughs at the time of the audit and revealed limited opportunity for cost-effective savings.  All other buildings at this site have negligible or no energy and/or water consumption that warranted analysis.  This is because they are maintained in the historical condition for their period of significance which precludes modern energy consuming loads.  The park has a permanent full-time staff of 12, a varying seasonal staff of up to 15 and has approximately 40,000 visitors a year.
Current Conservation Measures
Xxxxxxxx NHS maintenance staff are committed to reducing energy and water consumption.  They have already implemented several energy saving practices.
•	Turning off lights when not in use and operating only during occupied hours.
Lowers the facility’s electrical load factor while not impacting billing demand; reduces building air conditioning requirements.
•	Keeping picnic facility lights off and relying on daylighting only for these restrooms.
Reduces electrical usage in outlying buildings.
•	Eliminating hot water heating in picnic facility restrooms.
Reduces electrical usage in outlying buildings.
•	Maintaining minimum heating levels (60oF) in picnic facility restrooms during winter.
Reduces electrical usage in outlying buildings.
•	Maintaining a maximum 68oF heating set point in the Maintenance Building with weeknight and weekend setback temperatures of 60oF and 55oF respectively through use of a programmable thermostat.
Reduces gas energy consumption lowering energy use index.
•	Maintaining higher cooling and lower heating temperature set points in the Visitor Center’s audio/visual zone than in other zones of the facility that have higher use.
Lowers building energy use index.
•	Employing spring operated hot & cold water valves in the main Visitor Center restrooms.
Reduces water use and electric energy for heating hot water, thus lowering building energy use index.
•	Turning off personal computers during unoccupied hours.
Reduces electrical energy usage, lowering facility load factor and energy use index.
•	Keeping the recessed can lighting off and relying on track and display luminaires only for illumination in the Museum.
Reduces electrical demand and energy use, lowering building energy use index.
•	Insulating the previously bare CMU walls in the Maintenance Building.
Reduces gas heat requirements, lowering building energy use index.
Utility Use Information
Electric 
Electricity is provided by Xxxxxx Power & Light. 

Natural Gas
Gas is provided by Xxxxxx Gas Service. 

Water/ Sewer
Domestic water is from a well source which is unmetered.  Sewage is dealt with in multiple septic systems.  There is no installed landscape watering at Xxxxxxxx.  From the capacity of the domestic well pump and the time required to top off the supply tank, water consumption is estimated at an average rate of 200 gallons/day.
General Observations
Energy use for air conditioning (AC) and ventilation at the Visitor Center is the major concern.  Heating costs are low enough to be of less concern than for the other components of the HVAC system.  However, having supply and return registers both located in high ceiling areas contributes to noticeable space heat stratification during winter, particularly within the enclosed offices.  New furnaces were installed in the fall of 1999 at which time air distribution control was changed to operate fans continuously rather than intermittently based on load.  Electrical energy records show a marked increase in baseload consumption beginning at this time.  In May of 2000, a new air conditioning system was installed to replace the 20+ year-old existing one.
Infiltration at the Visitor Center due to air leakage around windows and doors is a maintenance staff concern.  The wood panel doors of the  period are a problem because they cannot be altered to reduce infiltration in a conventional manner that would detract from their historical significance.  Modern efficient windows and other envelope modifications likewise cannot be employed.
Interior lighting in the Visitor Center office and staff areas and in the Maintenance Building is predominantly T12 fluorescent luminaires with standard 40W lamps and pre-energy saving magnetic ballasts, but the museum, bookstore and audio/visual area lighting is exclusively incandescent.  The only exterior lighting, used exclusively for special events, is accomplished with candle lanterns.
Domestic water use, particularly hot water, is minimal and Xxxxxxxx does not do any landscape irrigation.  All restroom toilets are 3.5 gallon per flush or less units. Hot and cold water valves on the regular lavatories in the main visitor’s restrooms are spring operated.  Hot water tank thermostats for both the Visitor Center and Maintenance Bldg are on the “low” settings.
Although outside the scope of this audit request, worthy of note is the small Curatorial Room and Living History Support facility.  This area is well insulated with R-19 walls & ceilings and is conditioned with a small capacity Ground Source Heat Pump.  This system has been working successfully for several years, maintaining the critical temperature and humidity requirements of the stored artifacts.
Facility Description
Visitor Center
Building Use:  Office & Staff, Museum, Bookstore, Library, Audio/Visual Presentation
Building Occupancy:  9 staff
Hours Occupied: 8:00 am to 6:00 pm, 7 days/week (10 hours) Memorial Day thru Labor Day
	8:30 am to 5:00 pm, 7 days/week (8 ½ hours) Labor Day thru Memorial Day
Square Footage: 7,000 ft2
Conditioned Space: 7,000 ft2 
Construction:
	Walls: Double layer of rock, air space between
	Roof: R-19 Wood frame, wood shingle
Window Area: 400 ft2 , Single pane with inside Plexiglas storm
Envelope
Infiltration at the Visitor Center due to air leakage around windows and doors is a maintenance staff concern.  The wood panel doors of the  period are a problem because they cannot be altered to reduce infiltration in a conventional manner that would detract from their historical significance.  Modern efficient windows and other envelope modifications likewise cannot be employed.
Dimensions & Orientation:
Main portion of building – approximately 145 ft X 41 ft; long axis runs east/west with south facing main entrance; north building extension – approximately 34ft X 32 ft with two auxilliary entrances for staff; large walkway overhang on south facing exposure.
Mechanical Systems:
(1) 40-ton capacity (four staged 10-ton compressor/condensers), air cooled chilled water unit
(1) 5 hp chilled water circulating pump (redundant)
(2) 80% efficiency, 200 kBTUH input/160 kBTUH output gas-fired furnaces
(1) 80% efficiency, 100 kBTUH input/80 kBTUH output gas-fired furnace
(2) Constant Volume horizontal blower coil air handler w/ 2 hp fan motor
(1) Constant Volume horizontal blower coil air handler w/ 1 hp fan motor
(1) Grasslin Digi 322, 365-day electronic time switch
Barometric spring-loaded outside air intake dampers
Heating, Ventilation and Air Conditioning (HVAC)
Energy use for air conditioning (AC) and ventilation at the Visitor Center is the major concern.  Heating costs are low enough to be of less concern than for the other components of the HVAC system.  However, having supply and return registers both located in high ceiling areas contributes to noticeable space heat stratification during winter, particularly within the enclosed offices.  New furnaces were installed in the fall of 1999 at which time air distribution control was changed to operate fans continuously rather than intermittently based on load.  Electrical energy records show a marked increase in baseload consumption beginning at this time.  In May of 2000, a new air conditioning system was installed to replace the 20+ year-old existing one.
Previously, AC was accomplished with two, 10-ton direct expansion split system units and operated intermittently as the load dictated.  The new system consists of a remote four compressor, 40-ton capacity package chiller unit with air-cooled condensers coupled to constant volume air handlers via a chilled water loop.  The loop is driven by one of two redundant 5 hp pumps.  One of the primary criteria for the new AC design was the need to locate the compressors far enough away from the building to minimize intrusion on the historical aspects of the site.  There are three air handlers supplying conditioned air to three zones; each zone temperature is controlled by its own thermostat.  Thermostats operate the chilled water valves at each air handler cooling coil.
Contractual difficulties in the design and installation of the new system and subsequent warranty concerns have resulted in HVAC control being relegated exclusively to the (equipment manufacturer’s) factory representative.  Control logic, including day/night temperature settings, is controlled by (them).  Xxxxxxxx maintenance staff have no interface other than to turn the HVAC system on or off at the breaker panel.  The chiller/condenser unit is enabled through power to the chilled water pump motor.  Thus, maintenance staff can effectively disable the chiller/condenser by shutting power to the pump motor.  The chiller/ condenser also has its own separate disconnect.  Although day/night operation of the chilled water loop is controlled by time clock, the pump motor operates continuously when enabled, regardless of demand.
Because of discrepancies that arose between engineering and mechanical contracting during installation, the system was never fully commissioned for efficient operation prior to being turned over to the park.  While comfort within the Visitor Center is not a problem, it is accomplished at a significant energy premium.  
Water Heater:
(2) 17 gal. electric
Water consumption
Domestic water use, particularly hot water, is minimal and Xxxxxxxx does not do any landscape irrigation.  All restroom toilets are 3.5 gallon per flush or less units. Hot and cold water valves on the regular lavatories in the main visitor’s restrooms are spring operated.  Handicap lavatories have manual levers that allow 1 gallon/minute maximum flow through a non-aerated faucet.  Two small 17-gallon capacity electric hot water heaters serve the Visitor Center; the thermostat is on the “low” setting.
Lights: 
(29) 4’- 2 lamp fluorescent T12 magnetic ballasts 96W
(3) 4’- 4 lamp fluorescent T12 magnetic ballasts 192W
(22) Incandescent surface 60W
	(39) Incandescent recessed cans 65W
	(55) Incandescent track heads 65W
(14) 1-lamp fluorescent F15T12 strip (display) 19W
																										(4) 2-lamp fluorescent F30T12 strip (display) 79W
																									(7) 1-lamp fluorescent F20T12 strip (display) 25W
																											(3) 2-lamp fluorescent F20T12 strip (display) 50W
																										(1) 1-lamp fluorescent F6T5 strip (display) 10W
																											(4) 1-lamp fluorescent F4T5 strip (display) 8W
Interior Lighting
Interior lighting in the Visitor Center office and staff areas and in the Maintenance Building is predominantly T12 fluorescent luminaires with standard 40W lamps and pre-energy saving magnetic ballasts.  The museum, bookstore and audio/visual area lighting is exclusively incandescent.  It consists of recessed cans and track heads equipped with 65W Miser par lamps and surface units with 60W A lamps.  Diorama and other enclosed exhibit lighting is accomplished with a variety of integrally mounted standard fluorescent fixtures.
Water:
				(7) Toilets 2.5 gpf
	(2) Lavatories w/ low-flow spring operated H & C valves
(2) Handicap-type Lavatories w/ 1 gpm H & C valves & non-aerated faucet (aerator adaptable)
(1) Lavatory w/ 2.5 gpm H & C valves & non-aerated faucet (not aerator adaptable)
(1) Lavatory w/ 1.5 gpm H & C valves & non-aerated faucet (not aerator adaptable)
(2) Urinals <1 gpf
	Miscellaneous Equipment: 
(9) Personal computers w/ CRT monitors
(5) Laser printers
(1) Laser copier/fax machine
(1) Shredder
(2) Cash registers
(1) Micro wave oven
(1) refrigerator
(1) coffee maker
(1) Alarm Monitoring System
Facility Energy Use—Visitor Center:		
kWh/yr Elec	1000 CF/yr Gas	Million Btu/yr	Million Btu/ksf	$/sf	
125,440	452.4	878.13	125.5	1.16	
Maintenance Building
Building Use:  Shop
Building Occupancy:  3 staff
Hours Occupied:  7:30 am to 4:00 pm, 5 days/week (8 ½ hours)
Square Footage: 2,400 ft2
Conditioned Space: 1,700 ft2 
Construction:
	Walls: Rigid foam insulated (interior) CMU block
	Roof: R-19 Wood frame, asphalt shingle
Window Area: <30 ft2 , Aluminum-frame insulated glass
Dimensions & Orientation:
Rectangular building approximately 30 ft X 80 ft on an east/west axis; all entrances and windows on south wall.
Mechanical Systems:
(1) Natural gas furnace (installed 1987)
Water Heater:
(1) 5 gal. electric
Lights: 
(20) 4’- 4 lamp fluorescent T12 magnetic ballasts 192W
(2) 4’- 2 lamp fluorescent T12 magnetic ballasts 96W
(2) HPS wall pack 150W w/ photocell (exterior)
Water:
				(1) Toilet 3.5 gpf
	(1) Lavatories w/ 1 gpm H & C valves
	Miscellaneous equipment: 
Various shop power tools
Facility Energy Use—Maintenance Building:		
kWh/yr Elec	1000 CF/yr Gas	Million Btu/yr	Million Btu/ksf	$/sf	
6,636	64.6	89.65	37.35	0.33	
Water Conservation Measures
Watergy software is the Department of Energy’s water conservation screening tool.  This software was used to find potential water saving measures.  The software looks at bathroom fixtures and water using appliances. Watergy uses a 10 year payback or less for consideration.  
The Watergy screening tool showed that the installation of restroom aerators would save some water and energy, but not within a 10-year payback.  Firm cost savings can only be attributed to electrical energy reduction for hot water.  The park is on a well service for its domestic water and therefore incurs no cost for the water itself.  Likewise, having septic systems rather than sewer service results in no monthly utility cost for waste water treatment.  Thus, no water cost savings can be applied to this measure.  More details of this measure are given in Conservation Measure section and in the Appendix under Watergy.
Toilets, while not the full water-conserving type, are nonetheless less wasteful than the full 3.5 gallon/flush valve type.  Based on the known daily water draw from the well source, a water balance was performed using this value and the Watergy calculations, assuming that the bulk of total water use goes to toilet flushing.  Well capacity is not currently challenged and the lack of water/sewer utility costs prevents a toilet change from meeting the cost-effectiveness criteria.
More information on water conservation can be found at:
www.eren.doe.gov/femp/aboutfemp/waterguide.html 
www.eren.doe.gov/femp/techassist/waterconserve.html 
Renewable Energy
FRESA software is the Department of Energy’s renewable energy screening tool.  This software was used to find potential energy saving or producing measures.  The software looks at:
Daylighting Controls	Geothermal Heat Pumps	Wind energy	Solar Apertures	
Active Solar Cooling	Solar Thermal Electric	Window Glazings	Active Solar Heating	
Water Power	Window Shading	Solar Ventilation Preheat	Photovoltaic Applications	
Solar Hot Water	Infiltration Control	Biomass & refuse Energy	Solar Swimming Pools	
The FRESA prescreen results give a "YES", "NO" or "MAYBE" response to all the measures screened.  This information is then further analyzed for applicability and practicality.  While the resulting FRESA analysis showed some measures to be viable, none are in fact appropriate for this site.  Either the facility already has a measure installed, or the FRESA savings are overstated, or the measure is inappropriate for site specific reasons and the park is uninterested in pursuing it.
See FRESA input and output reports in the Appendix along with the associated comments.  All the renewable energy options were discussed with the facility staff.  FRESA uses a 25 year payback or less for consideration.
For any renewable energy projects that the park might be interested in pursuing in the future, assistance is available through the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) in Golden, CO.  

Conservation Measures
Energy End-Use Profiles—Combined Buildings
Existing condition:
End Use	Energy Consumed (MBtuh/yr)	Percent	
HVAC	805.5	  83.2 %	
Lighting	134.6	  13.9 %	
Hot Water	    3.6	    0.4 %	
Miscellaneous Loads	  24.1	    2.5 %	
TOTAL	967.8	100.0 %	

With recommended Conservation Measures employed:
End Use	Energy Consumed (MBtuh/yr)	Percent	
HVAC	628.0	  86.5 %	
Lighting	  70.1	    9.7 %	
Hot Water	    3.6	    0.5 %	
Miscellaneous Loads	  24.1	    3.3 %	
TOTAL	725.8	100.0 %	

Conservation Measure 1, HVAC Control Commissioning
As presented in the FACILITY DESCRIPTION section, the control parameters for many design aspects of the HVAC system are not optimized for efficiency.  Because of contractual difficulties during installation, the system was not commissioned and responsibility for maintaining many of the control settings was taken over by the equipment manufacturer.  These settings are presently inaccessible to the staff.
The equipment warranty will soon expire at which time Xxxxxxxx will be allowed by the manufacturer to take control of the system.  This will present the opportunity to revisit the engineering design intent and make the adjustments needed to eliminate the energy waste now taking place.  The new equipment is designed to be energy efficient.
Achieving efficiency will require a full commissioning of the system.  This will involve a specially trained test engineering team that has expertise beyond simple air balancing which has already been performed.  Engineering design documents will be reviewed and a functional performance test will be conducted at each control point of operation in the system.  What is unknown now, but will be investigated as part of the commissioning process, is whether or not there are enough control points in the system as it now exists.  Additional or more sophisticated HVAC control may be deemed necessary to make this system operate at the equipment’s intended level of efficiency.  This could result in additional costs beyond that for the commissioning service itself.
The energy savings potential from a full commissioning of the system is derived from the billing record.  It is assumed that the savings will come from reductions is ventilation and air conditioning usage.  Thus, only electrical energy will be affected.  It is also expected that reductions in monthly billing demand will result from a well-tuned HVAC system.

	Present 12-month kWh total:	125,440
	Base year kWh comparison:	  73,440
	Annual kWh savings potential:	  52,000
	Total 12-month kW billing demand reduction potential	         75
	Calculated annual cost saving at currently applied rate	$  2,197
	Estimated cost for commissioning	$10,200
	Simple payback (years)	4.64
	Savings to Investment Ratio (SIR)	2.56
	Adjusted Internal Rate of Return (AIRR)	8.38 Percent
	Discounted Payback Occurs in year	6
Please refer to the Appendix for the more detailed savings analysis.
For more information regarding commissioning and assistance options available to you, please go to:
	Building Commissioning Association  http://www.bcxa.org/
	FEMP Technical Assistance  http://www.eren.doe.gov/femp/techassist/designassist.html
Conservation Measure 2, Lighting
Existing fluorescent ceiling surface mounted luminaires in both the Visitor Center and Maintenance Building can be retrofit with energy efficient components.  Such components consist of F32T8 lamps and properly matched electronic ballasts.  A higher color rendering index will be achieved with this retrofit resulting in a less harsh and more natural-color environment for the administrative area.
Much of the incandescent lighting can be replaced with screw in compact fluorescent lamps (CFL).  This has been successfully employed at other National Park Service sites in this region.  However, caveats for this latter measure are as follows:
•	Lighting Quality
Poor lighting quality can result from direct retrofit of recessed can-type and track head-type luminaires which have internal reflectors designed for incandescent photo metrics.  A test should be conducted to determine the suitability of CFL output quality from these fixtures before proceeding with a full-scale retrofit.  CFL screw-in type retrofit units with built in reflectors may be required which will result in an increased cost.
•	Lighting Control
Incandescent lighting in the Audio/Visual room of the Visitor Center that is presently under dimming control should not be retrofitted with CFL’s.  Conventional incandescent dimming will cause rapid burnout of CFL’s.  Such fixtures should remain incandescent as the hours of use and low energy consumption will not warrant the expense of converting dimming control to that which is suitable for CFL’s.
Following is a website from which direct orders for CFL’s can be placed: www.pnl.gov/cfl.
See Appendix for detailed changes, calculations, assumptions and break down of estimated implementation costs.
Benefits associated with this measure include:
•	Reduced electrical consumption and demand charges for lighting & air conditioning
•	Higher illumination level and more natural color
Electrical Savings	20,933 kWh/yr     $955/yr
Cost Estimate	$5,871
Simple Payback	6.2 Years				   .		
Savings to Investment Ratio (SIR)	1.79
Adjusted Internal Rate of Return (AIRR)	6.45 Percent
Discounted Payback Occurs in year	9

Operations & Maintenance (O&M)
This section is used to discuss improved practices that would benefit the facility but are not extensively analyzed.
Park personnel are very energy conscious in their daily operations and maintenance practices.  (See CURRENT CONSERVATION MEASURES section.)  Per the GENERAL OBSERVATIONS, the maintenance staff have properly identified infiltration around windows and doors at the Visitor Center as an item needing correction.  Unchecked air infiltration can contribute to excessive heat loss in winter and heat gain in summer leading to higher heating and air conditioning costs.  The problem is finding a solution that will meet the period requirements of the historical nature of the structure.
With the high wind loading for this geographical area, energy losses due to infiltration can be significant.  Aggressive pursuit of an acceptable solution to seal air leakage is recommended.
Also per the GENERAL OBSERVATIONS, the stratification of heated air in the office areas during winter months should be addressed to both reduce energy consumption and increase comfort.  The first recommendation is to try and accomplish this through proper air balancing during the HVAC control commissioning discussed in the CONSERVATION MEASURES section.  Supply and return registers should be adjusted to prevent short-circuiting of supply air direct to the return air intake, with supply registers directing a more forceful stream toward the floor area.  Seasonal adjustment of the supply registers will then most likely be necessary to prevent uncomfortable conditions when air conditioning is required during the summer.  Should this adjustment not be completely satisfactory, the second recommendation is to install low-speed ceiling fans to break up the short-circuiting air flow and direct the heated air toward the floor.
Funding Recommendations
Federal Energy efficiency projects can be funded through direct appropriations, energy savings performance contracting (ESPC), utility incentives, and/or combinations of the three options.  With the exception of direct appropriations, energy projects can be paid for out of energy savings at very low net cost to the agency and do not require large capital outlays on the part of agencies.

Direct Appropriations
Historically, Federal appropriations have provided the bulk of energy and water efficiency financing for Government agencies.  Direct appropriations allow the Federal Government to retain all of the savings from cost-effective renovations and do not incur any interest charge.  Because the Government’s appropriated funds come from tax revenues or bonds, the "cost" to appropriate these funds is lower than the cost to borrow money from a bank or a financial institution. This approach also enables the agency to implement an efficiency project with minimal contractual obligations.  With the current emphasis on reducing the Federal Government’s appropriations, however, efficiency and other facility energy related projects not directly related to agency's mission may not be fully funded or may be delayed.  Funding for specific projects may be rejected if the payback period is too long.
Energy Savings Performance Contracting (ESPC)
Legally authorized by the Energy Policy Act of 1992 (EPACT), Energy Savings Performance Contracting allows energy service companies (ESCO) to assume the capital costs of installing new energy-efficiency equipment.  The ESCO guarantees a fixed amount of energy cost savings over the life of the contract (up to 25 years), and is paid directly from those cost savings.
Agencies retain the remainder of the energy cost savings for themselves.  Energy cost savings refer to any reduction in the cost of energy used in Federally owned buildings.  The ESPC contract sets forth the methodology for establishing the base cost and the share of energy cost savings each year.  The ESPC contract also specifies the method for determining the value of such savings, which may vary from year to year.  Energy cost savings may result from the lease or purchase of operating equipment, improvements, altered O&M, or technical services.  Savings may also result from using cogeneration or heat recovery to improve the efficiency of existing energy sources.
Super Energy Savings Performance Contract
To make it easier for agencies to use ESPC, FEMP has developed a Super "Energy Saving Performance Contract" or Super ESPC based on the Indefinite Delivery/Indefinite Quantity provision of the Federal Acquisition Regulation (FAR).  Super ESPC’s are broad area contracts (base-wide, agency-wide, regional, etc.) that allow agencies to negotiate site-specific ESPC’s with an energy service company without having to start to the contracting process from scratch.  In this way, agencies can effectively combine their own ESPC projects with a broader Super ESPC, saving, time as well as energy, and money.
The latter two programs are probably inappropriate for this park, due to the small size of the site and the relatively small energy consumption.  ESCO's typically engage only in projects with very large energy requirements.
Action Plan Recommendations
A project meeting should be held between the Facility Manager, Maintenance Supervisor and Accounting.  Agency funding and project details should be discussed.  The approximate cost of each measure is provided to help determine the amount to be funded. 
Since the new Visitor Center HVAC system is the largest energy user, and since this new system’s has contributed most dramatically to the facility’s increase in consumption, pursuit of its commissioning is recommended as the highest priority of your ACTION PLAN.
The initial phases of the commissioning may be pursued through the park's own budget.  There is, however, a $2,500 limit, above which the park will have to enter into a bidding process.  General Services Administration (GSA) has schedules (template contracts/specifications) available for energy conservation projects that the park may use for developing the bidding criteria.  Please contact XXXX XXXXXXX or XXXXX XXXXX at NREL for assistance.
For the lighting measure, Xxxxxxxx NHS has its own maintenance staff and they may want to do the lighting retrofit and installation work themselves.  The recommended measure is well within their capabilities.  However, it is usually suggested that a qualified lighting contractor do the retrofits all at one time because of unit cost savings to be achieved through bulk purchasing.  The retrofit lighting ballasts needed may vary throughout the facility.  The lighting contractor is equipped to handle these differences and will take care of recycling the old fluorescent lamps.
As with the commissioning measure, it is recommended that the park work within its budget to accomplish this as best as possible.  The lighting in the Visitor Center, particularly in the public areas, is of highest priority and should be pursued first.
In some regions, the money saved by implementing the conservation measures may be used to buy “Green Power” like that produced from renewable wind and solar sources. Your utility does not offer green power purchases, however DOE has available “Green Tag” purchases which support green power programs in other areas.  You may contact XXXXX XXXXX for more details.  (See contact information at beginning of report.)
APPENDIX
•	Utility Data
•	Utility Rate Schedules
•	HVAC Control
•	Lighting Calculations
•	Watergy
•	FRESA
•	Life-Cycle Cost Analysis
•	Draft Report Review Comments